Addressing sexual health topics is an important part of every young person's development. This means not only
knowledge about body development but also understanding relationships, boundaries, consent, self-esteem, and
safety. Studies show that young people who have received age-appropriate sexual education
are able to make more informed and safer decisions and are more confident in seeking help
when needed (UNESCO, 2018).
It is important to start teaching sexual health at an early age – for example, as a kindergarten and
primary school child. The earlier a child learns about their body, personal boundaries, and the basics of
communication, the better they can protect themselves if something is wrong. Early education also helps
normalize discussions about the body and feelings, avoiding shame and misinformation. Studies show
that age-appropriate sex education helps prevent abuse and strengthens children's trust
in adults (Kenny & Wurtele, 2012).
It is also very important to talk to children about body parts using correct anatomical terms –
for example, “penis,” “vagina,” or “vulva.” This helps a child better understand their body and gives
them the words to describe if something is wrong or if they experience something uncomfortable. Using correct
terminology also reduces the risk of abuse – studies have shown that children who
can describe their bodies with the correct words are less likely to be victims of sexual
abuse (Johnson, 2004; American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021).
Youth centers can offer a safe environment where young people can ask questions and
discuss topics related to sexual health honestly and without judgment. Support is also offered to parents
so that open and supportive conversations can start at home. Comprehensive sex education does not spoil
childhood – it strengthens a young person's self-confidence, helps prevent abuse, and supports
mental and physical well-being.
Sources used:
UNESCO. (2018). International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An
evidence-informed approach.
Kenny, M. C., & Wurtele, S. K. (2012). Children’s abilities to recognize boundary violations in
simulated encounters. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(6), 438–447.
Johnson, T. C. (2004). Helping children with sexual behavior problems: A guidebook for
professionals and caregivers. Wood ‘N’ Barnes Publishing.
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2021). Talking to Children About Their Bodies.
Estonian Sexual Health Association. (ESTL).
National Institute for Health Development. (TAI).
https://www.tai.ee
